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| Turkish scholar traces progress of art under Ottomans | ||
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| Visvas Paul D. Karra Sunday, February 24, 2008 12:00:23 AM Oman Time | ||
MUSCAT — Imperial art and illustrated history of the Ottoman rulers were highlighted yesterday during a lecture by a renowned Turkish art scholar.
The great importance attached to art and culture by the Ottoman rulers was revealed during a lecture on 'Painting in the Ottoman Empire', delivered by Prof Dr Günsel Renda from Koc University in Istanbul at the lecture hall of the Tender Board.
The lecture was held under the auspices of Dr Rawiyah bint Saud Al Busaidiyah, minister of higher education, and organised by Engin Turker, ambassador of Turkey in cooperation with the Council of Higher Education.
Prof. Renda traced the various stages and developments of art, during the era of the Ottoman rulers till the establishment of the Turkish Republic.
Prof. Renda said artists were paid by the Ottoman Court to paint the portraits and lives of the Ottoman rulers as they considered art as a mainstream official activity.
The artists were involved in painting imperial portraiture, the family trees, and the genealogy, which propagated the dynasty.
"There is no prohibition of painting in the Holy Quran but the drawings were restricted to manuscripts in scriptures and were two dimensional. The most important feature of the Ottoman paintings is that they were the documentary realism, which showed the little details. You can read Ottoman history through these paintings," disclosed Prof Renda.
During the lecture, Prof. Renda showed an unfinished miniature in which the outlines are first drawn in red, then in ink and then it is coloured and then all the details are presented.
In exclusive comments to Times of Oman, Prof. Renda said: "In our part of the world or the Islamic world, till the 18th century it was manuscript painting or miniature paintings. The Ottoman school of paintings from the 16th to the 18th centuries, displayed some characteristics which are different from others."
The paintings mainly illustrating the histories of the rulers were popular because the Sultans commissioned these manuscripts relating to their achievements like the expeditions, the conquests, victories, receptions and even the daily life in the empire and that led to the imperial portraiture, because all the Sultans had their portraits painted by these artistes who were called as Nakkas.
After this the western influences infiltrated the Ottoman artists with the establishment of more diplomatic relations with the European world.
According to Prof. Renda, even though the Christian empire was defeated in Turkey, the Turks maintained close relations with the Christian world. The manner, in which these relations were reflected in art and culture, reveals variations according to political alliances, victories and defeats and even the personalities of the patrons of the arts.
Sultan Mohammed II, who conquered the Byzantine capital of Constantinople, had much interest in the western world and he requested several Italian artists to draw his portraits.
These Italian artists who came to the Ottoman court, struck medals with the portraits of Mohammed II and also painted portraits. In a short time, the Sultan's image spread in Europe through the copies made of these portraits.
Prof. Renda has lectured on Turkish art in the United States and several countries in Europe and Asia and has participated in several international research projects.
Renda is the author or co-author of many books and articles on Ottoman painting, late Ottoman and interactions of European and Ottoman art published in US, Europe and Turkey.
The great importance attached to art and culture by the Ottoman rulers was revealed during a lecture on 'Painting in the Ottoman Empire', delivered by Prof Dr Günsel Renda from Koc University in Istanbul at the lecture hall of the Tender Board.
The lecture was held under the auspices of Dr Rawiyah bint Saud Al Busaidiyah, minister of higher education, and organised by Engin Turker, ambassador of Turkey in cooperation with the Council of Higher Education.
Prof. Renda traced the various stages and developments of art, during the era of the Ottoman rulers till the establishment of the Turkish Republic.
Prof. Renda said artists were paid by the Ottoman Court to paint the portraits and lives of the Ottoman rulers as they considered art as a mainstream official activity.
The artists were involved in painting imperial portraiture, the family trees, and the genealogy, which propagated the dynasty.
"There is no prohibition of painting in the Holy Quran but the drawings were restricted to manuscripts in scriptures and were two dimensional. The most important feature of the Ottoman paintings is that they were the documentary realism, which showed the little details. You can read Ottoman history through these paintings," disclosed Prof Renda.
During the lecture, Prof. Renda showed an unfinished miniature in which the outlines are first drawn in red, then in ink and then it is coloured and then all the details are presented.
In exclusive comments to Times of Oman, Prof. Renda said: "In our part of the world or the Islamic world, till the 18th century it was manuscript painting or miniature paintings. The Ottoman school of paintings from the 16th to the 18th centuries, displayed some characteristics which are different from others."
The paintings mainly illustrating the histories of the rulers were popular because the Sultans commissioned these manuscripts relating to their achievements like the expeditions, the conquests, victories, receptions and even the daily life in the empire and that led to the imperial portraiture, because all the Sultans had their portraits painted by these artistes who were called as Nakkas.
After this the western influences infiltrated the Ottoman artists with the establishment of more diplomatic relations with the European world.
According to Prof. Renda, even though the Christian empire was defeated in Turkey, the Turks maintained close relations with the Christian world. The manner, in which these relations were reflected in art and culture, reveals variations according to political alliances, victories and defeats and even the personalities of the patrons of the arts.
Sultan Mohammed II, who conquered the Byzantine capital of Constantinople, had much interest in the western world and he requested several Italian artists to draw his portraits.
These Italian artists who came to the Ottoman court, struck medals with the portraits of Mohammed II and also painted portraits. In a short time, the Sultan's image spread in Europe through the copies made of these portraits.
Prof. Renda has lectured on Turkish art in the United States and several countries in Europe and Asia and has participated in several international research projects.
Renda is the author or co-author of many books and articles on Ottoman painting, late Ottoman and interactions of European and Ottoman art published in US, Europe and Turkey.
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